Sunday, May 26, 2019

St. NICHOLAS OF THE LORRAINS

S. NICOLA DEI LORENESI
Formerly S. Nicola in Agone, mentioned by the sources for the first time in 1186
It was built with marble taken from the nearby Stadium of Domitian
In 1476 Sixtus IV Della Rovere (1471/84) granted the church of S. Stefano in Regione Pontis (destroyed in 1888 for the construction of the Victor Emmanuel II Bridge) to the four transalpine nations: France, Burgundy, Lorraine and Savoy. Lorraine was independent nation until its annexation to France in 1766
In 1612 the sculptor from Lorraine Nicolas Cordier (1567/1612) left a large sum for the construction of a new national church of Lorraine
In 1623 it was decided to rebuild the old and abandoned S. Nicola in Agone
Rebuilt 1635/36 with new FAÇADE in travertine by the architect from Lorraine François Desjardins, when it was assigned to the Brotherhood of Lorraine

Fully decorated with splendid frescoes in the years 1731/33 by Corrado Giaquinto (1703/66), his first great masterpiece:
Spandrels “Four cardinal virtues”: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude and Temperance
Vault of the presbytery “Three theological virtues”: Faith, Hope and Charity
Counter façade “Angel releasing a prisoner”
“These paintings, made readable again by the recent restoration, marked the Roman debut of the artist, who proved himself master of his own personal language, formed on contemporary Roman examples, while the influence of Francesco Solimena seemed to have somewhat reduced (...). Sign of the success met by Giaquinto with the decoration of the national church of Lorraine was the call to the court of Turin, in June 1733, by Filippo Iuvarra” (Susanne Adine Meyer - Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Treccani)
“Giaquinto first worked closely with Sebastiano Conca, then ended up distinguishing progressively himself for a more blunt penchant for painting with results of airy and bright rococo, as with these brilliant frescoes” (Carlo Bertelli, Giuliano Briganti, Antonio Giuliano)
RIGHT CHAPEL
Above the altar “St. Peter Fourier and the Virgin Mary” about 1730 by Francesco Antonozzi

MAIN ALTAR
“St. Nicholas with the three children and a prisoner” about 1676/86 by Nicolas François de Bar aka Nicolas Lorrain or Niccolò Lorenese (1632/95)
In the upper part “Decorations with architectural trompe-l'oeil” 1750 by the Roman architect Giuseppe Silvestri

LEFT CHAPEL
Above the altar “Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine of Alexandria” about 1660/74 by Nicolas François de Bar aka Nicolas Lorrain or Niccolò Lorenese

ABOVE THE FOUR DOORS
Four reliefs in stucco “Stories of St. Nicholas”:
On the right “St. Nicholas elected bishop of Myra” and “St. Nicholas refuses breast milk on Wednesdays and Fridays”
On the left “St. Nicholas child prays during a bath” and “St. Nicholas distributes his possessions to the poor” 1749 by G.B. Grossi, who also sculpted one relief for the Trevi Fountain
During the same period the SIXTEEN PILLARS were coated with Sicilian jasper and yellow marble from Siena by Pietro Mariotti

ABOVE THE FIRST DOOR ON THE LEFT
“Crucifix” in front of which young Roman couples used to swear eternal love

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