Monday, June 5, 2017

MASSIMO PALACE - NATIONAL ROMAN MUSEUM (ninth part)

Thirteenth room - Severian Dynasty (193/235)
“Second of the four types of portraits recognized for Septimius Severus: it is one of the type known as 'of the adoption' assignable to 196, the year in which the emperor, who in reality was imposed after a civil war, did surreptitiously adopt himself, declaring himself the son of Marcus Aurelius and brother of Commodus. Fiction went even further: the portraits of that year echoed those of his predecessor, technically and stylistically, and even in a generic physiognomic assimilation” (Elena Calandra)
Colossal head of “Severus Alexander (222/235)” from Ostia
“Sarcophagus with Muses” from Villa Mattei maybe dating to the year 280
“Sarcophagus of Acilia” dating to about 238 according to Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli, who identified the young man with short hair as Gordian III ascended the throne at age 13, with his parents close to him
According to others it is a processus consularis procession for the entry into office of a consul
It was found in 1950 in Palocco and it is in the shape of a lenĂ²s, vat of wine, in allusion to the harvest after death
“Sarcophagus of the Annona” about 270 from Via Latina with dextrarum iunctio and allegorical figures related to the activity of high official in charge of the Annona's office (the provision of food) of the deceased Senator
“Sarcophagus of Marcus Claudianus” about 330 with stories from the Old and New Testaments
“Christ the Teacher” according to Paribeni it is the oldest sculpted depiction of Christ, while Barrera reckons it is the image of a young man in the iconography of the sitting philosopher
“Crater with Madonna nursing”, if it is really the Virgin Mary, it would be one of the earliest images of her existing in the world
“Portrait of a mature person” of the period of Gallieno from Ostia
“Portrait of a charioteer” of the period of Gallieno from the area of the Chiesa Nuova
“Vespasian” from Minturno
“Vespasian” from Ostia
“Titus”
“Vespasian from the Tiber” from the area of Via Giulia, perhaps reworked from a portrait of Nero of whom the sideburns remain
“Nerva” from Tivoli
“Domitian” from Latina
“Julia as a matron” first century AD, twelve year old daughter of Titus found in the Hospital Fatebenefratelli
Female portraits:
“Julia Domna” wife of Septimius Severus
“Plautilla” wife of Caracalla
“Etruscilla” wife of Decius (249/251)
“Salonina” wife of Licinius Gallienus (253/268)
“The artistic quality overall is very high, as reflected by both the accurate rendition of the hairstyle and the exact execution of the eyes, enlivened by the pupil as a pelta. The work is fully in the Renaissance of Gallienus, characterized by a design language modeled on the classical one, but in reality permeated with the strong realism typical of the portraiture of the middle years of the third century” (Elena Calandra)

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