Thursday, November 15, 2018

St. CATHERINE AT MAGNANAPOLI


S. CATERINA A MAGNANAPOLI 
Largo Magnanapoli
Established in 1575 for Portia Massimi as the church of the Convent of the Sisters of St. Catherine who had moved here from the house in Piazza S. Chiara
The reconstruction of the church began in 1608 by Carlo Maderno (1556/1629) but it was not completed
It was finally rebuilt in the years 1628/31 and 1638/41 by G.B. Soria (1581/1651)
The name comes from the linguistic deformation of Balnea Pauli, the baths of Paulus Emilius which were believed to be located nearby, more precisely, under the church of Sts. Dominic and Sixtus
The convent was destroyed to bring to light the structures of the Trajan's Market
DOUBLE STAIRCASE added at the end of the nineteenth century during excavation works in the area

Under the staircase
VOTIVE CRYPT OF THE FALLEN
1934 inscribed with the names of the Romans who died in World War I and II and “Bronze Crucifix” by Romano Romanelli (1882/1968)

PORCH
Plaster statues “St. Catherine” and “St. Dominic” about 1650 by Giovanni Francesco De Rossi (active 1640/77)

VAULT
“Glory of St. Catherine” 1700/12 by Luigi Garzi (1638/1721)

“The work, considered his masterpiece for the calibrated compositional structure, for the accurate execution and the uniform color range, constitutes a valid and original transposition on large areas of the ideas of Carlo Maratta and a vital link between the Roman decorations of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries” (Giancarlo Sestieri)

1st RIGHT - CHAPEL OF THE MAGDALENE
“Communion of the Magdalene” 1706/07 by Benedetto Luti (1666/1724) maybe his first public work in Rome
He also painted the “Angels in adoration” in the vault, the only fresco he ever painted

“He emerged as an international ambassador of the Roman Rococo, with his personal pathetic and naturalistic style. (...) Even in the religious themes this Florentine painter often obtained convincing results, often marked (...) by an Arcadian and pastoral taste and a personal expressive sweetness with a Correggio flavor, particularly influential on the scene of the French Academy of Rome, to which he was bound by cordial relations” (Giancarlo Sestieri)

2nd RIGHT - CHAPEL OF ALL SAINTS
“The Virgin Mary intercedes for St. Catherine and glory of the saints” 1701/02 by Luigi Garzi (1638/1721)
Vault “Marriage of St. Catherine”, “Christ in Glory” and “Scene of Martyrdom” by Giuseppe Passeri (1654/1714)
3rd RIGHT - CHAPEL OF St. DOMINIC
“St. Dominic resurrecting a child” 1706 by Biagio Puccini (1673/1721)
Vault “St. Dominic and St. Francis adore the Cross”, “Glory of St. Dominic” and “Lady of the Rosary” by Giuseppe Vasconio (active half of 1600), a pupil of Guido Reni

DOME
In the lantern “Eternal God in glory” by Francesco Rosa (active from 1674/d. 1687)

MAIN ALTAR
Tabernacle in agate, lapis lazuli and gilt bronze 1787 by Carlo Marchionni (1702/86)
“Holy Spirit” and spectacular relief “Glory of St. Catherine of Siena” 1667 masterpiece by the Maltese Melchiorre Caffà (1636/67)

“St. Catherine shows a very sensitive spirituality, an almost morbid sensibility, in comparison to which the works of Bernini appear massive, firm and manly” (Rudolf Wittkower)


“Caffà is not 'original'. There is hardly any of his works that is not designed based on a pattern suggested by previous sculpture. Yet he showed a new concept of sculpture and a new expressive order in comparison with the older generation. His style is new. Seen in a broader historical context, he has a part in the great change of style and taste that occurred in the third quarter of the seventeenth century and therefore characterizes the beginning of the late Baroque style” (Rudolf Preimesberger - Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Treccani)

Reliefs on the sides on the right “St. Rose of Lima” and on the left “St. Agnes of Montepulciano” 1755 by Pietro Bracci (1700/73)
Above the door of the presbytery two paintings with stories of St. Catherine: “St. Catherine surprised by her father while praying” and “St. Catherine chooses the crown of thorns” early 1700s by Giuseppe Passeri (1654/1714)
3rd LEFT - BONANNI-PRIMI CHAPEL
Above the altar “Madonna of the Rosary” 1702/03 masterpiece by Giuseppe Passeri

“Among the pupils of Maratta, the most original modernistic ideas, surpassing sometimes the master himself, were undoubtedly offered by Giuseppe Passeri. (...) While remaining tied to the dominant Baroque-Classicist style, he highlights a deep attraction for the materiality of Gaulli's lightness and a deep grasp of the dynamism of the chiaroscuro lighting technique of Lanfranco, the study of whom had been recommended to him by Maratta himself” (Giancarlo Sestieri)

At the sides funerary monuments:
On the left “Bust of Giuseppe Bonanni” and on the right “Bust of Virginia Primi” by the great Giuliano Finelli (1602/53)
Vault “Annunciation”, “Assumption” and “Nativity” by G.B. Speranza (about 1600/40)
Under the arch “Saints” by G.B. Ruggieri aka Battistino del Gessi (1606/40)
2nd CHAPEL ON THE LEFT
“The three archangels” by Giuseppe Passeri
“A splendid example of the transition from baroque classicism to the elegiac atmosphere of the early eighteenth century” (Laura Mocci)
Vault “Vision of St. John at Patmos”, “Eternal Father” and “St. Catherine and the Angel” and arch “Joseph and the Angel”, “Virgin in Glory” and “Liberation of St. Peter” frescoes about 1654 by Giovanni Paolo Schor (1615/74), maybe in collaboration with his brother Egidio Schor
1st LEFT - CHAPEL OF St. NICHOLAS OF BARI
“Vision of St. Nicholas of Bari” maybe beginning of 1700s by Pietro Nelli (active in Rome 1700/50), who maybe also painted the “Glory of Angels” in the vault
CORRIDOR BETWEEN CHURCH AND SACRISTY
Fragments of frescoes of the end of the fifteenth century “St. Bridget” and “St. Catherine of Alexandria” from the oratorio destroyed in the Thirties

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