“Priest of Isis” about 50 BC
“Elderly Woman” Augustan period (27 BC/14 AD) from
Palombara Sabina
“This
hairstyle, attested for the first time in Octavia, later became the official
hairstyle of Livia, since when she assumed the title of Augusta. Here it is
represented in its simplest form, without the division in the middle, and it
highlights, in the eclectic combination with the lifelike features of the face,
the phenomenon of Zeitgesicht (face of the period), that is, the conscious
attempt by the lower classes of the population to homologate with the official
iconographic model, through the quotation of hairstyles or facial features
relevant to members of the imperial house” (Brunella Germini)
“Central part of a
mosaic (èmblema) with Ila about to be abducted by nymphs” about first century BC from Tor
Bella Monaca
First
Room - Portraits of the Roman Ruling Class
“General from Tivoli” about 70 BC from the Temple of Hercules at Tivoli
“The typical
traits of the tradition of the veristic Italic portrait contrast in a unique
way with the powerful muscles of the body and the representation of the figure
as a hero, which are rather based on late Hellenistic sculpture models”
(Brunella Germini)
“Victorious
General” II sec. BC
“Head of a
young woman” end of the first century BC
“Fasti anziati (Calendar of Anzio)” 84/55 BC
It is the
only example of the calendar of Numa Pompilius (the second king of Rome) with
355 days in 12 months dating back to the Republican age before the reform of
Julius Caesar
Second
Room - Evolution of the image during the periods of Caesar and Augustus
“Funerary stele of
the Rabirii”
about 40 BC with portrait on the right of Usia priestess of Isis reworked not
before 40 AD
“Portrait of a Man” beginning of the first century AD
It was
found in the River Tiber and it perhaps represents Brutus, the exiled Agrippa
Postumus or a private citizen combed and shown according to the canons of the
Augustan portraiture
“Relief of
limestone with curulis saddle” mid-first century BC from Torre Gaia
“The relief
depicts a curulis saddle (a folding stool made of wood, ivory and leather, used
by the senators and magistrates on official occasions) and, below this, a
cylindrical container (capsa) for documents, resting on a base ( ...). Origin
of luck and dissemination of this theme is the gift by the senators of a
curulis saddle made of gold to Julius Caesar, on the occasion of his triumph of
50 BC. The seat also appeared as a result on some coins with symbolic value and
evocative of the almost kingly prerogatives of the character and it was also
used on private monuments as a symbol of the dignity of magistrates” (Vittoria
Lecce)
It is a
calendar made by the grammarian Verrius Flaccus and it is a very important
document showing the reform introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC
In the old
Numan calendar the days were calculated according to their distance from three
specific days of the month: the Calende (first crescent moon), the Nones
(first quarter moon) and the Ides (full moon)
Under the
Julian calendar any connection with the phases of the moon was abandoned even
if the names were kept. A system of division of the days in groups of nine was
introduced, similar to our weeks, as well as a definition of the days which
could be fasti (activities permitted), nefasti (activities not
permitted), comitiales (activities not permitted except political ones),
endotercisi nefasti (nefasti at the beginning and end of the day
but fasti in the middle) and so on
The Julian calendar
was used until the late 1500s when the Gregorian
Calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII Boncompagni
(1572/85)
No comments:
Post a Comment