SS. SILVESTRO E MARTINO AI MONTI
Viale del
Monte Oppio 28
About 509
for Pope Symmachus (498/514) with the name of S. Martino (St. Martin)
It was
built at the same time of the adjacent church of S. Silvestro (St. Sylvester) for which the structures of the
ancient Titulus Equitii were used,
maybe house of Pope St. Sylvester I (314/335)
It was
renovated in the year 772 for Hadrian I (772/795)
Completely
rebuilt in the years 844/847 for Sergius II (844/847), who built the monastic
buildings over the old church of St. Sylvester. It was completed under the next
pope, Leo IV (847/855)
For the
foundations were used limestone blocks taken from the Servian Walls still visible on
the right side of the church
Restorations
1636/67 by the Roman architect and painter Filippo
Gagliardi (about 1607/1659) aka Filippo Bizzarro or Filippo delle
Prospettive
BELL TOWER
1714
It is
officiated since 1299 by the Carmelite Fathers
St. Martin
of Tours (about 316/397) was originally the patron saint of animals with horns,
and then also became the protector of cuckold husbands
“Twenty-four
ancient columns” in different kinds of marble: cipollino, pavonazzetto, biglio
and imezio, maybe recycled from the nearby Baths
of Trajan
When in
1653 the box with the relics was found, it was was decided the lowering of the
floor of the church of 50 cm (20 inches) in order to see the relics from the
entrance
CEILING
1560 for
Cardinal Charles Borromeo who was the cardinal in charge of the church with
frames embossed in gold
It was
rebuilt in 1650 and restored in the years 1741 and 1870
COUNTER FAÇADE
Statues in
the first order “St. Peter” and “St. Paul” by Pietro
Paolo Naldini (1619/91)
Statues in
the second order “St. John the Baptist” and “St. Antonio the Great aka St.
Anthony from Egypt” by Daniele Fiammingo
ON THE TRABEATION OF THE NAVES
“Frieze
with Christian-Jewish symbols” 1649/52
“Eight
statues of saints” and “Medallions in stucco” about1655 by Pietro Paolo Naldini
SIDE NAVES
Eighteen
frescoes on the walls “Stories of St. Elijah and of his
disciple Elisha inserted in the Roman countryside landscapes” of which sixteen were painted by Gaspard Dughet (1615/75) and two by Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi (1606/80) from Bologna
St. Elias
was the Prophet revered as an inspiration by the Carmelites
In
addition, two frescoes in the left nave with the interior of “St. John’s Lateran” (before the renovation by
Borromini) and “The old St. Peter's Basilica” by Filippo
Gagliardi (about 1607/1659)
“This
decoration is one of the most important and innovative cycle of paintings of
the mid-1600: it is unique in the panorama of seventeenth-century
ecclesiastical decoration in Rome. The novelty consists in the subordination of
religious scenes to the setting of broad landscape that accomplishes itself the
function of transmitting the religious message” (Simonetta Ceccarelli)
1st
RIGHT - ALTAR OF St. MARY MAGDALENE OF PAZZI
“St. Mary
Magdalene of Pazzi” 1647 by Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi
2nd
RIGHT - ALTAR OF St. TERESA OF JESUS
“Ecstasy of
St. Teresa of Jesus” 1646 by Giovanni Greppi
3rd
RIGHT - ALTAR OF St. MARTIN
“St. Martin”
1645 by Fabrizio Chiari (about 1615/95)
4th
RIGHT - ALTAR OF St. STEPHAN
“St.
Stephan” 1645 by Giovanni Angelo Canini (1609/66)
5th
RIGHT - ALTAR OF St. CHARLES BORROMEO
“St.
Charles Borromeo” 1693 by Filippo Gherardi (1643/1704)
MAIN ALTAR
End of the
eighteenth century by Francesco Belli
APSE
Eighteenth-century
frescoes “Eternal Father, saints and the Madonna and Child” by Antonio Cavallucci (1752/95) and Giovanni Micocchi
Spectacular
CRYPT about 1650 by Filippo Gagliardi with
stucco in the vaults by Pietro Paolo Naldini and
“Fake dome in perspective with the symbol of the church” also by Filippo Gagliardi
TO THE LEFT
OF PRESBYTERY - CHAPEL OF OUR LADY OF MOUNT CARMEL
Rebuilt in
1790 by Andrea de Dominicis
Above the
altar “Our Lady of Mount Carmel” 1595 by Girolamo
Massei (?/1614-19) surrounded by the altar piece “Souls in Purgatory and
cloud of St. Elijah” by Antonio Cavallucci who
also painted the fresco on the left wall “Vision of St Elijah” and in the vault
“Our Lady gives the scapular of Mount Carmel to St. Simon Stock” together with Tommaso Sciacca
3rd
LEFT - ALTAR OF THE HOLY TRINITY
“Holy
Trinity with Sts. Bartholomew and Nicholas of Bari” 1640/44 by Giovanni Angelo Canini (1609/66)
2nd
LEFT - ALTAR OF St. ALBERT
“St. Albert
Carmelite” 1575 by Girolamo Muziano (1532/92)
“A genuine
controversial response to the late Mannerist painters from Emilia and Tuscany
who still enjoyed great success in Rome during the seventies. The painting by
Muziano from Brescia is quiet and solemn, with that monumental saint who
dominates the canvas with his lofty quiet melancholy, solid like an oak and at
the same time available to a frank chat with the faithful. Muziano, just like
Marcello Venusti, moves away from any drama to focus on results of absorbed
severity and intense naturalism” (Vincenzo Farinella)
BETWEEN THE
TWO ALTARS
Large
fresco “Pseudo-council of St. Sylvester in the age of Constantine” according to
the apocryphal documents of Symmacus 1640 by Galeazzo
Leoncini a Milanese that after this work, perhaps aware of his
limitations, began the work as innkeeper
1st
LEFT - ALTAR OF St. ANGELUS OF JERUSALEM
“St.
Angelus of Jerusalem” 1646 by Pietro Testa (1612/50)
TOP OF THE NAVE
Large
fresco “S. Cyril baptizes a sultan” 1651 by the Antwerp painter Jan Miel (1599/1663)
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
EXPLORATIONS
From the
crypt it is possible to go down to a hall of 18 x 11 m (59 x 36 feet) of the
third century AD preceded by a vestibule part of the Titulus Equitii
Roman and
medieval architectural fragments
Remains of frescoes
from the ninth century, including “Jeweled cross” and a mosaic of the sixth
century “Madonna with St. Sylvester”
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