Gregory IV
(827/844) built the town GREGORIOPOLI
here, where the Tiber River used to bend before flowing into the sea
It was a
strategically important position, which eventually led to the construction of
the cylindrical tower of Martin V Colonna (1417/31)
In the
years 1461/83 Cardinal William of Estouteville restored the walls and built the
basilica and the new episcopal palace
Because of
the flood of 1557 the port was moved to Fiumicino
and the village was depopulated
In the
eighties of the nineteenth century it was repopulated with farmers from Romagna,
immigrants for the reclamation of this area by the coast
Castello di Giulio II
Castle of Julius II
Built in the years 1483/86 from a design by Baccio Pontelli (about 1450/92) and the participation
of Giuliano Giamberti aka Giuliano da Sangallo (1445/1516)
for Pope Sixtus IV della Rovere (1471/84) and Giuliano Della Rovere, the future
Julius II Della Rovere (1503/13)
It is one
of the first examples in the world of modern military architecture
Triangular
plan around a trapezoidal courtyard
STAIRCASE
Decorated
with grotesques and boxes with "Myth of Hercules" by Baldassare Peruzzi (1481/1536) with the help of Cesare da Sesto (1477/1523) and Michele Del Becca
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
WAREHOUSE and MUSEO DELLA ROCCA (Museum of the Fortress)
S.
Aurea
Church
built on the remains of an ancient Roman basilica probably of the fourth century,
where were buried S. Aurea (martyr of the third century) and S. Monica who died
in Ostia in 387, the mother of St. Augustine
The present
building dates back to the second half of the fifteenth century, maybe by Baccio Pontelli (about 1450/92)
Easter
candle from the ancient basilica
Seventeenth-century
paintings
Palazzo
Episcopale
Episcopal
Palace
About 1472,
behind the church
On the
first floor there are frescoes with "Battle scenes" in monochrome
surrounded by a frieze 1508/13 by Baldassare Peruzzi (1481/1536)
maybe with Domenico Beccafumi (1486/1551) for
Cardinal Raffaele Riario
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