Piazza Venezia
1885/1905 Giuseppe
Sacconi (1854/1905)
Sacconi won
the national competition of 1884, after the results of the international
competition of 1882 had been revoked: the winning project had been by the
French Henri-Paul Nénot and the monument was originally supposed to be built in
the area of today's Piazza dei Cinquecento
Sacconi had
designed it to be built with travertine limestone but in 1889 a commission
decided the use of Botticino marble from Brescia
The works
were continued by Gaetano Koch (1849/1910), Pio Piacentini (1846/1928) and Manfredo Manfredi (1859/1627) after Sacconi’s death in 1905
It was
inaugurated on June 4, 1911
Here in
1921 the Unknown Soldier of World War I was buried. Since then the monument would
be called Vittoriano, whereas previously it was only known as
Monument to Vittorio Emanuele II or Altar of the Fatherland
The
decorations were completed only in 1927 with the two bronze quadrigas
Finally the
monument was completed in the years 1924/35 by Armando
Brasini (1879/1965) with the definition of the interior including the
CRYPT OF THE UNKNOWN SOLDIER decorated with mosaics by Giulio
Bargellini (1896/1936) and the construction of the FAÇADE ON VIA DI S.
PIETRO IN CARCERE
IRON GATE by
Manfredo Manfredi. It can slide underground
Enormous size:
135 meters wide,
130 deep and 81 high (443 x 426 x 266 feet)
The Statue
of Liberty in New York is 46.5 m (151 feet) high without the pedestal, a little
more than half of the Vittoriano
The
monument is decorated with about one hundred works by major artists of the
Italian academic sculptural scene of the end of the nineteenth century and of
the beginning of the twentieth century
On the left
"Fountain of the Adriatic Sea" by Emilio
Quadrelli
On the
right "Fountain of the Tyrrhenian Sea" by Pietro
Canonica (1869/1959)
QUADRIGAS
1924/27 on
the left "Unity" by Carlo Fontana (1865/1956)
and on the right "Freedom" by Paolo Bartolini
(1859/1930)
TWO BRONZE GROUPS
representing "Values of the Italians":
On the left
"Thought" by Giulio Monteverde (1837/1917)
On th right
"Action" by Francesco Jerace (1854/1937)
FOUR MARBLE
GROUPS representing "Values of the Italians":
On the left
"Strenght" by Augusto Rivalta (1837/1925)
and "Concord" by Ludovico Pogliaghi
(1857/1950)
On the right
"Sacrifice" by Leonardo Bistolfi (1859/1933)
and "Law" by Ettore Ximenes (1855/1926)
WINGED
LIONS along the staircase
Giuseppe
Tonnini (1875/1954)
WOMEN
REPRESENTING VICTORIES ON ROSTRA
Edoardo
De Albertis (1874/1950)
and Edoardo Rubino (1871/1954)
WOMEN
REPRESENTING VICTORIES ON TRIUMPHAL COLUMNS
1911,
originally golden, 3.70 m (12.13 feet) high including the sphere
From left to right: Nicola
Cantalamessa Papotti (1833/1910), Adolfo
Apolloni (1855/1923), Mario Rutelli (1859/1943)
and Arnaldo Zocchi (1851/1922)
SIXTEEN
STATUES representing "Italian Regions" above the sixteen columns of the
portico
Executed at
the end of the nineteenth century
Series of
vegetable symbols carved with various allegorical meanings: palm (victory), oak
(strength), laurel (bravery, victorious peace), myrtle (sacrifice), olive
(peace, harmony)
MOSAICS IN
INTERNAL LUNETTES
On the left
"Faith, Force, Work, Wisdom" by Giulio
Bargellini (1896/1936)
On the
right "Law, Bravery, Peace, Unity" by Antonio
Rizzi (1869/1940)
On either
side of the access door to the porch, under the right propylaeum, two
allegorical statues "Sculpture" and "Painting" 1910 by Lio Gangeri (1845/1913)
Also works
by Enrico Butti (1847/1932) and Cesare Zocchi (1851/1922)
Altare
della Patria
Altar
of the Fatherland
"Statue
of the Goddess Rome" and marble frieze "Triumph Work and Triumph of
Patriotism" 1909/1925 by Angelo Zanelli (1879/1942)
Equestrian
statue of Victor Emmanuel II
1888/1901 by
Enrico Chiaradia (1851/1901). It was completed
after Chiaradia’s death by Emilio Gallori (1846/1924)
Base with
friezes representing "Fourteen Italian cities which once had been capital cities
or maritime republics" by Eugenio Maccagnani (1852/1930)
The statue
is 12 m (39.3 feet) high and 10 m (32.8 feet) long, the king is 16 times larger
than life, the weight is 50 tonnes (55 tons), a horse hoof is 60 cm (2 feet)
It's so big
that when it was placed in its place, in order to celebrate, a lunch was
offered by the smelter G.B. Bastianelli inside
the belly of the horse with waiters and twenty-one people who ate, comfortably
seated and lit by bulbs
Sanctuary
of the Flags of the Armed Forces
Entry on
the left side of the monument
Museo
Centrale del Risorgimento
Central Museum
of the Risorgimento
Paintings,
sculptures, drawings, engravings, prints, weapons
Sections of the museum:
The
Napoleonic period
The
Congress of Vienna
The
Revolutions of 1820/21 and 1830/31
Giuseppe Mazzini and the Giovine Italia (Young Italy)
Pius IX Mastai-Ferretti (1846/78)
1848: the
Five Days of Milan; the Republic of St. Mark; the War of Independence
1849 and
the Roman Republic
Cavour and
the Crimean War
Victor Emmanuel
II and the Second War of Independence
Garibaldi
and the Expedition of the One Thousand Soldiers
From the Unification
until the Aspromonte incident
The Third
War of Independence
1870 the
taking of Porta Pia
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