Tuesday, March 26, 2019

St. MARY IN MONTSERRAT

S. MARIA IN MONSERRATO
Begun in 1518 by Antonio Cordini aka Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane (1483/1546) on the area of the Ospizio di S. Nicola dei Catalani (Hospice of St. Nicholas of the Catalans) of mid-1300s to emulate the Church of St. James (S. Giacomo degli Spagnoli) in Piazza Navona sponsored by the Crown of Castile
Completed with the vault of the presbytery in the years 1673/75 by G.B. Contini (1641/1723)
Remodeled in the years 1820/22 by Giuseppe Camporese (1763/1822) with his nephew Pietro Camporese the Younger (1792/1873)

Two levels 1585/93 by Francesco Capriani aka Francesco da Volterra (1535/94)
PORTAL
Maybe by G.B. Contini who would have also designed the sculpture with “Madonna and Child cutting the rock with a saw” in memory of the sanctuary of Montserrat, which is Spanish for mountain sawn
The saw that is part of the sculpture is a genuine carpenter saw
1929/35 by Salvatore Rebecchini (1891/1977)
Originally it was the church of the Aragonese and Catalans, now it's the Spanish national church

INTERIOR
Nineteenth-century decoration by Giuseppe Camporese

CENTRAL NAVE
On the right “Death of the Virgin Mary” by Francesco Nappi (about 1565/1630), on the left “Coronation of the Virgin” by G.B. Ricci (about 1550/1624)

1st RIGHT - ROCCI CHAPEL
Above the altar “St. Diego of Alcantara” 1606 07 by Annibale Carracci (1560/1609) and maybe Domenico Zampieri aka Domenichino (1581/1641), formerly in S. Giacomo degli Spagnoli
On the right “Mausoleum of the two popes of the Spanish Borgia family: Callistus III (1455/58) and Alexander VI (1492/1503)” 1889 by Felipe Moratilla
The sarcophagus contains mixed in the same coffin, the bones of both popes, uncle and nephew, transferred here in 1881. The names of the two popes under the medallions were mistakenly reversed
Below “Tomb of Alfonso XIII” King of Spain from his birth in 1886 until 1931 when he was deposed by the Second Spanish Republic and he went to exile in Rome, where he died in 1941. He was the last Spanish king before Franco's dictatorship

2nd RIGHT - CHAPEL OF THE MOST HOLY MARY OF THE ANNUNCIATION
“Annunciation”, “Birth of Mary” and “Assumption” by Francesco Nappi (about 1565/1630)

3rd RIGHT - CHAPEL OF OUR LADY OF PILAR
“Our Lady of Pilar and Saints” by Francisco Preciado (1713/89), a pupil of Sebastiano Conca
On the right “Assumption” by Frans Van De Casteele (1541/1621), on the left “Triumph of the Immaculate Conception” by Louis Cousin aka Luigi Gentile (1606/67), both Belgian painters

MAIN ALTAR
“Crucifixion” 1564/65 by Girolamo Siciolante da Sermoneta (1521/80) a pupil of Perin del Vaga
The painting was originally in S. Giacomo degli Spagnoli and it reveals its full adherence to the precepts of the Council of Trent which had just ended, in 1563

3rd LEFT - CHAPEL OF St. JAMES
Statue of “St. James” masterpiece by Jacopo Tatti aka Jacopo Sansovino (1486/1570)
On the left “Tomb of Bishop Alfonso de Paradinas” about 1486 by Andrea Bregno (1418/1503)
On the right “Tomb of Juan de Fuensalida” d. 1498, secretary of Alexander VI Borgia maybe by Luigi Capponi (active end of 1400s/beginning of 1500s), a pupil of Andrea Bregno
“Funerary monuments” by the school of Andrea Bregno

2nd LEFT - CHAPEL OF OUR LADY OF MONTSERRAT
Magnificent stucco decoration of the beginning of the eighteenth century maybe by Francesco Carlo Bizzaccheri (1655/1721)
Lunettes and spandrels by G.B. Ricci (about 1550/1624)
On the right fresco “Miracle of St. Raymond of Peñafort”
On the left “View of the mountain of Montserrat” by an anonymous seventeenth-century artist

1st LEFT - CHAPEL OF St. ANNA
Sculptural group “Virgin Mary, St. Anne and the Child” 1544 by Tommaso Boscoli aka Maso (about 1501-03/after 1578), formerly in S. Giacomo degli Spagnoli
According to Vasari Tommaso Boscoli would have cooperated with Michelangelo in carving the recumbent figure of the pope of the Mausoleum of Julius II in the church of S. Peter in Chains
“This work, derived from the similar group of Andrea Sansovino in St. Augustine in Rome, with references also to that of Francesco da Sangallo in Orsanmichele in Florence, and in some details referring to Michelangelo's patterns, shows uncertainty of composition and an archaic taste” (Giancarlo Bojani - Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Treccani)

Spanish College

CONFERENCE ROOM
Bas-relief “Crucifixion and Saints” with the upper part maybe executed by Paolo Taccone aka Paul Romano (about 1415/77)
“Tomb of Cardinal Pietro Montoya” d. 1630 with architecture by Nicola Torriani (active in Rome about 1601/1636) and outstanding bust sculpted in about 1621 by Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598/1680), an early work showing already a fine technique and his ability to reveal a psychological insight of the sitter
The marvelous busts “Damned Soul” and “Blessed Soul” now in the Palazzo di Spagna were also part of the monument
“He shows those qualities of realism noted in the Santoni's portrait but with such clarity and accuracy that make the previous portrait look like rough and unrefined. (...) It is sharp and clear as a whole and in its parts; it was considered the apex of realistic portraiture” (Howard Hibbard)

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