Friday, March 29, 2019

St. MARY IN TRASPONTINA

S. MARIA IN TRASPONTINA
FAÇADE (made with travertine taken, in part, from the Colosseum) and CHURCH UNTIL THE 4th CHAPEL built in 1566 by Giovanni Sallustio Peruzzi (?/1573), son of Baldassare Peruzzi 
It replaced an earlier church with the same name built closer to Castel Sant'Angelo 
1581/87 building up to the front pillars of the dome by Ottaviano Nonni aka Ottaviano Mascherino (1524/1606)
1635/68 building of the BELL TOWER, TRANSEPT and DOME by Francesco Peparelli (active since about 1626/d. 1641)
The construction of the church lasted therefore 102 years
It was the parish of the gunners of the nearby Castel Sant'Angelo who wanted a low dome, so as not to have their line of fire obstructed

“Glory of the Virgin Mary” 1894 by Cesare Caroselli (1847/1927)

Above the altar “St. Barbara” 1597 one of the masterpieces by Giuseppe Cesari aka Cavalier d'Arpino (1568/1640) for Pietro Aldobrandini
Frescoes “Stories of St. Barbara” 1610/20 by Cesare Rossetti (active 1593/1620) designed by Cavalier d'Arpino
Decorations with military guns, coats of arms and cannons
The breast in full view of the saint worried the patron Pietro Aldobrandini who didn't want his uncle, the Pope Clement VIII (1592/1605), to see the painting
The breast was covered only in the nineteenth century and revealed again in the twentieth century
“The fact that Caravaggio might have found ridiculous the St. Barbara painted by his former employer, can be guessed by the way he quoted her in the first version of St. Matthew and the Angel, destroyed in Berlin during the Second World War: in his cheeky androgynous angel Caravaggio mimicked the drapery and the curvy posture of the plump body of Barbara, a posture known among Mannerist as serpentine, and in particular he mimicked the way the flimsy fabric clung to the soft underbelly and to the just raised thigh, as well as her tousled hair” (Peter Robb)
2nd RIGHT - CHAPEL OF St. CANUTE
On the altar “Ecstasy of St. Canute” 1686 by the Viennese Daniel Seiter (1649/1705)
S. Canute (about 1042/1086) was a Danish king, who was canonized in 1101. He planned to invade England and tried to increase the power of monarchy and church at the expense of nobility and common people
He was murdered in the wooden church of St. Albany in the city of Odense during a popular rebellion

3rd RIGHT - CHAPEL OF OUR LADY OF CARMEL
In the nineteenth century the “Statue of Our Lady of Mount Carmel” was put here for veneration
The throne dates to 1922 and the statue, blessed by Pope Pius XI Ratti (1922/39), was crowned on the eve of the Feast of Mount Carmel (July 16) in 1928
On 12 September 2001, the day after the tragedy of the Twin Towers in the U.S., it was once again crowned by Pope John Paul II (1978 /2005), in St. Peter's Square, on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the gift of the Scapular

4th RIGHT - CHAPEL OF THE CROSS
Above the altar “Wooden Crucifix” from the old church
Frescoes “Stories of the Christ” 1649 by Bernardino Gagliardi (1609/1660)

5th RIGHT - CHAPEL OF St. ALBERT OF TRAPANI
Canvas on the altar “St. Albert of Trapani” and frescoes in the vault “Stories of St. Albert of Trapani” 1614/20 by Antonio Circignani aka Pomarancio (about 1568/1629), son of Niccolò Circignani

RIGHT TRANSEPT or CHAPEL OF St. MARY MAGDALENE DE' PAZZI
Built in 1626 on the occasion of the beatification of the Florentine saint
Above the altar “Trinity, Virgin Mary, St. Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi and St. Joseph” by Giovanni Domenico Cerrini (1609/81) or G.B. Ricci (about 1550/1624)
Vault “Cross and angels with symbols of the Passion of Christ” by Cesare Caroselli (1847/1927)

1674 Carlo Fontana (1634/1714)
Altarpiece “Icon with the Virgin Mary and Child” 1216 brought from the Holy Land by the Carmelites
Superb ALTAR FRONTAL in opus sectile (inlaid marble)
“Angels” in stucco on the ciborium and in marble at the center by Leonardo Retti (active 1670/1709)
Statues on the doors of jasper at the sides of the ciborium:
On the right “Prophet Elijah” by Antonio Lavaggi (active in Rome in the second half of the seventeenth century) and “Prophet Elisha” by Vincenzo Felice (about 1657/1715)
On the left “St. Angelo martyr” by Alessandro Rondoni and “St. Albert of Trapani” by Michel Maille aka Michele Maglia (active in Rome in the second half of the seventeenth century)
“An absolute masterpiece is the altar for the Carmelites of S. Maria in Traspontina (...). having started from the very simple idea of a tabernacle, Fontana built a magnificent small temple with double columns in Sicilian jasper, a broken pediment on which there are two angels, by Leonardo Retti, flanking a monumental bronze dome shaped as a crown. The impression made on his contemporaries is evidenced by the initiative of the Confraternity of the Agonizing of S. Maria del Pianto that, in 1675, commissioned to Fontana 'a small temple with columns and a crown as dome' to celebrate the release of a person sentenced to death” (Helmut Hager - Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Treccani)
CHOIR BEHIND THE ALTAR
“Stalls in walnut” 1651 by Filippo Gagliardi (about 1607/1659) also known as Filippo Bizzarro or Filippo delle Prospettive
On the walls to the left “Sacrifice of the Prophet Elijah on Mount Carmel” and “Birth of Jesus”, to the right “Liberation from the plague of the island of Cyprus thanks to S. Pier Tommaso” and “Birth of Mary” 1760/61 by Angelo Papi

LEFT TRANSEPT or CHAPEL OF St. ANDREW CORSINI
Above the altar “Virgin Mary appears to St. Andrew Corsini” by Giovanni Paolo Melchiorri (1664/1745)
Vault “Apparition of St. Andrew Corsini in the Battle of Anghiari” 1697 by Biagio Puccini (1673/1721)

5th LEFT - CHAPEL OF St. ANGELO OF SICILY
Above the altar “Preaching of St. Angelo martyr” and on the sides and vault “Stories of St. Angelo” 1612 by G.B. Ricci (about 1550/1624), who was buried in this chapel in a tomb now lost

4th LEFT - CHAPEL OF St. THERESA OF JESUS
Above the altar “Ecstasy of St. Theresa” 1698 masterpiece by Antonio Gherardi (1638/1702)
Ovals to the side of the beginning of the eighteenth century by Placido Celi

Columns to which St. Peter and St. Paul would have been tied
Above the altar “Flagellation of Sts. Peter and Paul” and frescoes “Stories of Sts. Peter and Paul” by G.B. Ricci

2nd LEFT - CHAPEL OF St. ELIJAH
Above the altar “Prophet Elijah between St. Antonio Abate and the blessed Carmelite Franco Lippi from Siena” by Giacinto Calandrucci (1646/1707) a pupil of Carlo Maratta

1st LEFT - CHAPEL OF THE PIETÀ
Above the altar “Pietà” in terracotta of the fifteenth century
“Angels in wood” painted in imitation of marble by artists of the school of Ercole Ferrata (1610/86)
Frescoes of the years 1700/16

ORATORIO OF THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE
To the right of the church
Frescoes by the brothers Luigi Garzi (1638/1721) and Sebastiano Garzi
“Glorification of St. Albert” by Carlo Maratta (1625/1713)

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