According to the 2001 edition of the Annuario
Pontificio, the directory book of the Holy See
The numbers in brackets indicate the approximate
duration in years of the pontificate. The names in purple indicate popes not
officially recognized by the Catholic Church
1. St. Peter Bethsaida in Galilee? 33 67 (34)
Martyred in
Rome
2. St. Linus Volterra 67 76 (9)
3. St. Cletus Rome 76 88 (12)
4. St. Clement I Rome 88 99 (11)
Freeman
martyred under Domitian. The body was moved to the Basilica of S. Clemente in 867
by the Sts. Cyril and Methodius
5. St. Evaristus Bethlehem (Judea) 99 107 (8)
6. St. Alexander I Rome 107 115 (8)
Relics
found in the Catacomb of St. Priscilla and moved in part in the 3rd
chapel on the right in S. Lorenzo in Lucina,
and in part in the altar of S.
Ivo alla Sapienza
7. St. Sixtus I Rome 115
125 (10)
8. St. Telesphorus
Terranova da Sibari (Calabria) 125
136 (11)
9. St. Hyginus Athens (Greece) 136 140 (4)
10. St. Pius I Aquileia 140 155 (15)
11. St. Anicetus Emesa (Syria) 155 166 (11)
Buried in
the Church of S. Aniceto in Palazzo
Altemps
12. St. Soter Fondi (Latium) 166 174 (8)
13. St. Eleuterus Nicopolis (Epirus) 174 189 (15)
14. St. Victor I Africa 189 199 (10)
15. St. Zephyirinus Rome 199 217 (18)
16. St. Callixtus I Rome 217 222 (5)
Catacomb of
St. Callisto
Ippolito 217/235
17. St. Urban I Rome 222 230 (8)
18. St. Pontian Rome 230 235 (5)
He died in
exile in Sardinia
19. St. Anterus Policastro (Calabria) 235 236 (43 days)
20. St. Fabian Rome 236 250 (14)
Albani Chapel dedicated to him in the Basilica of St.
Sebastian
21. St. Cornelius Rome 251 253 (2)
Novatian 251/258
22. St. Lucius I Rome 253 254 (1)
23. St. Stephan I Rome 254 257 (3)
24. St. Sixtus II Athens 257 258 (1)
25. St. Dionysius Terranova da Sibari (Calabria) 259 268 (9)
26. St. Felix I Rome 269 274 (5)
27. St. Eutychian Luni 275 283 (9)
28. St. Caius Salona (Dalmatia) 283 296 (12)
29. S. Marcellino Rome 296 304 (8)
First pope about
whom there is a document (in the Catacomb
of St. Callixtus) in which he is mentioned as "Papa", standing
for Pater Patrum, the same name that
was given to the heads of the Mithraic religion. He was killed during the
persecution of Diocletian in the year 304
30. S. Marcello I Rome 308 309 (1)
31. St.
Eusebius Sardinia 309 310 (1)
32. St. Miltiades Africa
311 314 (3)
He received
the Lateran Basilica as a gift from
Fausta wife of Constantine. In 313 Edict
of Milan which legalized Christianity
33. St. Sylvester Sant’Angelo
a Scala (Avellino) 314 335 (22)
In 325 in
the first Ecumenical Council of Nicaea,
which condemned the doctrine of Arius. He consecrated the Mamertine Prison as an oratory.
S. Paolo alla Regola
34. St. Mark Rome
January/October 336 (263 days)
St. Mark's Basilica where he is buried
35. St. Julius I Rome 337 352 (15)
Basilica of
S. Valentino
36. St. Liberius Rome
352 366 (14)
Legendary
foundation of the Basilica S. Maria Maggiore or
Liberian Basilica
Felix II 355/365
37. St. Damasus Spain
366 384 (18)
Maybe he was
born in Rome. S. Lorenzo in Damaso. Elected
in S. Lorenzo in Lucina known as Titulus Lucinae at the time. In 380 with the edict of Thessalonica
Christianity became state religion
Ursinus 366/367 exiled - Deacon
38. St. Siricius Rome
384 399 (15)
With him
the word "pope" is not another word for bishop, but it only refers to
the Roman pontiff. The Basilica of St. Paul
was built around the years 384/390 and consecrated in 395. Sts. Marcellinus and Peter. S. Pudenziana. In 395 suppression of paganism in Rome
39. St. Anastasius I Rome
399 401 (2)
He founded
the Titulus Crescentinae later S. Sisto Vecchio
40. St. Innocent I Albano
401 417 (15)
Costruction
of the church of S. Vitale in 412
41. S.
Zosimus Greek born in Mesoraca
(Calabria) 417 418 (1)
42. S.
Bonifacius I Rome 418 422 (4)
Eulalius 418/419 exiled
43. St. Celestine I Campania
422 432 (10)
S. Sabina. In 431 the Council of Ephesus is held
44. St. Sixtus III Rome
432 440 (8)
He built S. Maria Maggiore, the Basilica Eudossiana and S. Lorenzo in Lucina. He
modified the Lateran Baptistery
45. St. Leo I the Great Volterra
(Tuscia) 440 461 (21)
According
to tradition he persuaded Attila not to invade Rome. The chains of St. Peter joined
as he was holding them in his hands in the Basilica
Eudossiana
46. St. Hilarius Sardinia
461 468 (6)
47. St. Simplicius Tivoli
468 483 (15)
St. Peter of Charity and St.
Sylvester in Tivoli. In 476 the Western Roman Empire ended
48. St. Felix II (III) Rome 483 492 (9)
49. St. Gelasius I Kabylie (Africa) 492 496 (4)
Maybe he was
born in Rome. He instituted the Candelora
feast, which replaced the pagan festival of the Lupercalia
50. Anastasius II Roma
496 498 (2)
Tried to
end the Acacian schism but it resulted in the Laurentian schism
51. St. Symmachus Sardinia
498 514 (16)
He chose the
Vatican as his residence, having to fight against the anti-pope Lorenzo. S. Martino ai Monti. Basilica S. Pancrazio. He
established the diaconate of S.
Lucia in Selci. He restored for the last time the large funeral Basilica of St. Agnes Outside the Walls, later
abandoned and rebuilt smaller by Honorius I
Lawrence 498/505 exiled
52. St. Hormisdas Frosinone
514 523 (9)
53. St. John I Tuscia
Populonia 523 526 (3)
He died in
Ravenna
54. St. Felix III (IV) Sannio
526 530 (4)
Sts. Cosmas and Damian. He is represented in the apse mosaic. In 526
Theodoric dies
55. Boniface II Rome
530 532 (2)
He changed
the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar from Ab Urbe Condita (Since the Foundation of Rome) to Anno Domini (Year of the Lord)
Dioscorus Alexandria September/October 530
56. John II Rome 533
535 (2)
First pope
to change his name (he was called Mercury). Elected in St. Peter in Chains
57. St. Agapetus I Rome
535 536 (1)
He died at
Constantinople. In 535 the Greek-Gothic
War began. It would last until 553
58. St. Silverius Ceccano
(Frosinone) 536 537 (1)
Deposed and
exiled in 537. He died in Ponza in 538. Belisarius who had deposed him, erected
S. Maria in Trivio to make
amends. In 536 the Byzantine general
Belisarius conquers Rome
59. Vigilius Rome 537 555 (18)
He died in
Syracuse. He built an underground basilica around the tomb of the martyr
Hippolytus on Via Nomentana. In 546
Rome was sacked by the Ostrogoth king Totila. In 552 it was retaken by the Byzantine general Narses. In 553 the
Greek-Gothic War ended and Rome became
the capital of the Byzantine Duchy of Rome for nearly 200 years until 751
60. Pelagius I Rome 556
561 (5)
He began
the Basilica of the Holy Apostles
to celebrate the end of the Greek-Gothic War. Suspected of the assassination of
his predecessor Vigilius, he solemnly swore in the Basilica of S. Pancras of Rome
a solemn oath of innocence in front of the Byzantine viceroy
61. John III Rome 561
574 (13)
He
completed in 570 the Basilica of the Holy
Apostles
62. Benedict I 575 579
Roma (4
He died in
Rome during the siege of the Lombards
63. Pelagius II Rome
579 590 (10)
Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence Outside the Walls.
He died of the plague broke out after the flood of the Tiber in 589
64. St. Gregory I the Great Rome
590 604 (14)
He founded
in 575 the monastery of St. Andrew on Celium Hill where the church of St. Gregory would be built. He
raised the floor of the Basilica of St. Paul
in order to have the altar over the tomb. After the plague of 590 he changed
the name of Hadrian’s Mausoleum into Castel
Sant'Angelo after the procession during which an angel appeared. In less than two years 10,000 Angles,
including the king of Kent, Ædelbert, were converted. He thoroughly reorganized
the Roman liturgy, ordering earlier liturgical sources and editing new texts,
and promoted the chants called Gregorian from his name. He was the first pope
who placed the papacy on the road to power, the first who used the temporal
power of the Church not forgetting, however, the spiritual aspect of his task
65. Sabiniano
Blera (Tusculum) 604 606 (1)
66. Boniface
III Rome 607 (266 days)
67. St.
Boniface IV Valeria dei Marsi 608 615
(7)
He
transformed the Pantheon into a church in 609.
Buried beneath the altar of St. Thomas in the left transept of the Basilica of
St. Peter
68. St. Adeodatus I Rome
615 618 (3)
69. Boniface V Naples 619 625 (6)
70. Honorius I Campania
625 638 (13)
Basilica of St. Agnes Outside the Walls and the apse mosaic. Sts. Luke and Martina. He
rebuilt the Basilica of St. Pancras. He
removed the plates of gilded bronze from the Basilica
of Maxentius for use in St. Peter. Abbey of the Three Fountains.
He restructured the Basilica of S. Valentino.
Sts. Andrew and Bartholomew at
the Lateran. He changed the Curia
of the Forum into the church of St. Hadrian at the Forum. He expanded the church
of Ss. Quattro Coronati
71. Severinus Rome 638 640 (2)
72. John IV Zara
(Dalmatia) 640 642 (2)
Chapel of
St. Venanzio in the Lateran Baptistery
73. Theodore Greece 642 649 (7)
Mosaic in
the chapel of Ss. Primo and Feliciano in S. Stefano Rotondo. He is represented in the mosaic of
St. Venanzio Chapel in the Lateran
Baptistery
74. St. Martin I Todi 649
653 (4)
Deported in
653 by the imperial authority of Constantinople. He died in exile in 655. Last
pope considered a martyr
75. St. Eugene Rome 654
657 (3)
76. St. Vitalian Segni
657 672 (15)
Last visit
of a Byzantine emperor in Rome with Constans II in 663 who stayed on the
Palatine Hill. He reintroduced sacred music
77. Adeodatus II Rome 672 676 (4)
78. Donus Roma 676 678
(2)
79. St. Agatho Palermo
(Sicily) 678 681 (3)
80. St. Leo II Aidone (Sicily) 682 683 (1)
Buried in
the Chapel of Our Lady of the Pillar
in St. Peter’s Basilica. The Liber Pontificalis attributes to him the
foundation of St. George in Velabro
81. St. Benedict II Rome 684 685 (1)
82. John V Antioch 685
686 (1)
83. Conon Thrace 686 687 (1)
Theodore 687
Paschal 687/692
84. St. Sergius I Syria 687 701 (14)
Born in
Palermo from a Syrian family. He introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at
mass against the decisions of the Quinisext Concil held in 692 at
Constantinople
85. John VI Ephesus (Turkey) 701 705 (4)
86. John VII Rossano (Calabria) 705 707 (3)
He used the
Domus Tiberiana as a residence.
He had a chapel decorated in St. Peter's Basilica with a mosaic cycle lost
except for three fragments: one in S.
Maria in Domnica and the others in S. Marco in Florence and in
the Cathedral of Orte. Fourth layer of paintings in S. Maria Antiqua
87. Sisinnius Syria 708 (20 days)
88. Constantine Syria 708 715 (7)
Last pope
to visit Constantinople
89. St. Gregory II Rome 715 731 (16)
He was given
by the Byzantine Emperor Liutprando the territory of Sutri, which formed the first territory of the Papal States.
Inscription in the atrium of St. Peter's
Basilica with a donation of 56 olive trees for oil lamps to keep
running continuously around the tomb of St. Peter
90. St. Gregory III Syria 731 741 (11)
He covered
the roof of the Pantheon with lead and enlarged
S. Crisogono
91. St. Zachary Greece 741 752 (10)
He was a
Greek born in S. Severina in Calabria. He granted St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception in
Campomarzio to the Basilian nuns who had brought from
Constantinople the body of St. Gregory Nazianzen. About 750 drafting in the Lateran of the false document of the Donation
of Constantine. 751 with the capture of Ravenna end of the Byzantine presence
in northern and central Italy
92. Stephen Rome 752 (3 days)
He died
three days after the election before the consecration. He does not appear on
many lists of popes
93. St. Stephen II
(III) Rome
752 757 (5)
S. Silvestro in Capite. In 756 Rome is besieged by the Lombards
94. St. Paul I Rome 757 767 (10)
Oratory
over which was later built S. Maria Nova known eventually as S. Francesca Romana. He transferred
the relics of St. Petronilla, protector of the Franks, from the Catacomb of St.
Domitilla to St. Peter's Basilica
Constantine II Nepi 767/768 deposed 768
Philip 768
95. Stephen III (IV) Syracuse
(Sicily) 768 772 (4)
96. Hadrian I Rome 772 795 (24)
He expanded
S. Maria in Cosmedin. He
restored St. Peter in Chains. He founded
one of his great fortified farms (domusculta)
protected against the Saracens in Galeria. His epitaph is in the atrium of the
Basilica of St. Peter written by Charlemagne. In 774 Charlemagne defeated the
Lombard kingdom and went to Rome for the first time
97. St. Leo III Rome 795 816 (21)
He crowned Charlemagne Emperor on Christmas Eve
800 in St. Peter’s Basilica. He transferred the relics of Sts. Nereus and Achilleus from the
Catacombs of St. Domitilla to the church of Sts.
Nereus and Achilleus which he had built. He is buried in the Chapel of Our Lady of the Pillar
in St. Peter’s Basilica
98. St. Stephen IV (V) Rome 816 817 (1)
99. St. Paschal I Roma 817 824 (7)
S. Cecilia, S.
Maria in Domnica, St.
Praxedes, St. Stephen of Cacco
100. Eugenio II Rome 824 827 (3)
101. Valentine Rome 827 (40 days)
102. Gregory IV Rome 827 844 (16)
He built
GREGORIOPOLI in Ostia. He rebuilt St.
George in Velabro and the Basilica
of S. Mark, where it appears in the apse mosaic
John 844
103. Sergius II Rome 844 847 (3)
He rebuilt S. Martino ai Monti. Basilicas
of St. Peter and St. Paul were plundered by the Saracens in 846 AD
104. St. Leo IV Rome 847 855 (8)
He restored
the church Ss. Quattro Coronati.
Lower Basilica frescoes in S.
Clement. He
built a church incorporating a small oratory in the Forum, which would later
become S. Maria Nova and eventually S.
Francesca Romana. Leonine City and Leonine Walls around St.
Peter. He defeated the Saracens at Ostia in 848. He helped the refugees from Centumcellae to found LEOPOLI
(Cencelle). He is buried in the Chapel
of Our Lady of the Pillar in St. Peter’s Basilica
Anastasius 855 deposed
105. Benedict III Rome 855 858 (3)
106. S. Nicholas I the
Great Rome
858 867 (9)
He greatly
consolided papal authority and power. He restored S. Maria in Cosmedin
107. Hadrian II Rome 867 872 (5)
Received by
the Ss. Cyril and Methodius the relics of St. Clement (4th Pope) that buried in
the homonymous basilica
108. John VIII Rome 872 882 (10)
He built GIOVANNOPOLI
around the Basilica of St. Paul. Charles
the Bald crowned emperor in St. Peter’s in 875
109. Marino I Gallese (Viterbo) 882 884 (2)
110. St. Hadrian III Rome 884 885 (1)
111. Stephen V (VI) Rome 885 891 (6)
112. Formoso Corsica or Ostia 891 896 (5)
His body
was exhumed and brought to trial by Stephen VI's famous “Synod of the Cadaver”
113. Boniface VI
Rome 896 (15 days)
114. Stephen VI (VII) Rome 896 897 (1)
115. Roman Gallese (Viterbo) 897 (92 days)
116. Theodore II Rome 897 (20 days)
117. John IX Tivoli 898 900 (2)
118. Benedict IV Rome 900 903 (3)
119. Leo V Ardea 903 (123 days)
Christopher Rome 903/904 deposed
120. Sergius III Rome 904 911 (7)
Counts of
Tusculum. First pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara
121. Anastasio III Rome 911 913 (2)
122. Lando Sabina 913 914 (1)
123. John X Tossignano (Ravenna) 914 928 (14)
He had the
Italian principalities and the Byzantine Empire unified against the Muslims Saracens
getting a decisive victory on the Garigliano River in 915. He was deposed by
order of Marozia and killed in 929 in Castel Sant'Angelo
124. Leo VI Rome 928 (186 days)
125. Stephen VII (VIII) Rome 929 931 (2)
126. John XI Rome 931 935 (5)
Counts of
Tusculum. Deposed in 935
127. Leo VII Rome 936 939 (3)
128. Stephen VIII (IX) Rome 939 942 (3)
Some
unreliable sources describe him as a German
129. Marinus II Rome 942 946 (4)
130. Agapetus II Rome 946 955 (9)
131. John XII Rome 955 963 (9)
Octavian of the Counts of Tusculum
Deposed in 963,
he died in 964. He was 16 years old when he became pope. He was the second pope
to change his name after John II 420 years before. In 962 he crowned Emperor Otto I, restoring the Holy Roman Empire that lasted
until 1806. He was deposed for his improper behaviour
132. Leo VIII Rome 963 964 (82 days)
He was eposed
and died in 965
133. Benedict V Rome 964 (32 days)
He was exiled
and died in Bremen in 966
134. John XIII Roma 965 972 (7)
135. Benedict VI
Rome 973 974 (1)
He was
deposed and murdered
Boniface VII 974 for the first time
136. Benedict VII Rome 974 983 (9)
Counts of
Tusculum. He consecrated the rebuilt Monastery
of Subiaco with the name of St. Benedict and St. Scholastica. He
founded the convent of the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
137. John XIV Pavia 983 984 (1)
Pietro
Canepanova di Pavia
Boniface VII 984/985 for the second time
138. John XV Rome 985 996 (11)
139. Gregory V Carinthia 996 999 (3)
Bruno of the Counts of Carinthia
First
German pope. He enriched and expanded a small church in the Forum and gave it
the name of S. Maria Nova (later to become S.
Francesca Romana). He became pope only 24 years old. He was the grandson
of Emperor Otto I. In 998 he sent an embassy to the Ukrainian court of
Volodymir Prince of Kiev; from that date it began the widespread acceptance of
Christianity in Ukraine
John XVI Greek of Calabria 997 deposed in 997,
killed in 998
140. Sylvester II Auvergne (France) 999 1003 (4)
Gerbert d'Aurillac
First
French pope. Born as a poor shepherd, he became advisor to Emperor Otto III. He
crowned St. Stephen King of Hungary. He was a well learned man and a follower
of esoteric sciences which earned him a reputation as a magician and prophet.
Buried in St. John Lateran Basilica in a
tomb which, according to legend, gave off noise and sweated just before the
death of a pope
141. John XVII Rome 1003 (174 days)
Siccone
Secchi
142. John XVIII Rapagnano (Ascoli) 1004/09 (5)
Giovanni
Fasano
143. Sergius IV Rome 1009/12 (3)
Pietro Boccadiporco
Buried in St. John Lateran Basilica
144. Benedict VIII Rome 1012/24 (12)
Theophylactus of the Counts of Tusculum
Gregory VI Rome 1012
145. John XIX Rome 1024/32 (8)
Romano of the Counts of Tusculum
146. Benedict IX Rome 1032/44 (12) first term
Theophylactus III of the Counts of Tusculum
147. Sylvester III Rome 1045 (56 days)
Giovanni
dei Crescenzi Ottaviani
148. Benedict IX for the second time 1045 (52 days) second term
Theophylactus III of the Counts of Tusculum
The only Pope
ever to be elected twice. Two years later he would be elected even for a third
time. He was deposed by the Council of Sutri
149. Gregory VI Rome 1045/46 (2)
Giovanni
Graziano Pierleoni
Last pope from Rome or Lazio region until 1130
150. Clement II Hornburg (Saxony) 1046/47 (1)
Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg
He died in
Pesaro in 1047. Bishop of Bamberg (Bavaria)
151. Benedict IX for the third time 1047/48 (252 days)
Theophylactus III of the Counts of Tusculum
He died
after the third expulsion
152. Damasus II Pildenau (Bavaria) 1048 (23 days)
Poppo
He died in
Palestrina
153. St. Leo IX Alsace 1049/54 (5)
Bruno of the Counts of Egisheim-Hirschberg
He is
buried under the Altar of St. Peter in the left
transept of St. Peter's Basilica. His reign was considered as the beginning of
the papal reform revolution. In 1054 the schism between the West Catholic
church and the Orthodox Church of the East began. It ended symbolically, if not
substantially, only in 1965
154. Victor II Swabia 1055/57 (2)
Gebherard II of the Counts of
Dollestein-Hirschberg
He died at
Arezzo in 1057
155. Stephen IX (X) Lorena 1057/58 (1)
Frédéric Gozzelone of the Dukes of Lorraine
He died in
Florence in 1058
Benedict X Rome 1058/59 Giovanni aka Mincio, of the Counts of Tusculum
156. Nicholas II Chevron (Savoy) 1059/61 (2)
Gerard de Bourgogne
Since 1059
the election of the pope would only be reserved for cardinal bishops. From 1130
it will be extended to all the cardinals
157. Alexander II Verona 1061/73 (12)
Anselmo of the Counts of Baggio
He restored S.
Biagio della Pagnotta. He authorised the Norman conquest of England in 1066
Honorius II 1061/72 Pietro Cadalus
158. St. Gregory VII Sovana (Grosseto) 1073/85 (12)
Ildebrando Aldobrandeschi of Soana
Elected in St. Peter in Chains. Maybe he
had the church of St. Gregory the Divine Mercy
built. He was the most important of the popes in the eleventh century. He thoroughly reformed the Church, but he
is best known for his role in the investiture controversy, which put him at
odds with the Emperor Henry IV. Henry appointed an anti-pope: Ghiberto, placed
on the throne as Clement III to occupy Rome. Gregory VII took refuge in Castel Sant'Angelo, from where,
while conducting negotiations with Henry, he sent for the rescue of the Norman
Robert Guiscard. On May 21, 1084
Guiscard entered Rome and rescued the pontiff, but his troops completely
devastated the city bringing worse destruction than in 410 or in 1527. Most
of the ancient remains, still standing at the time, and churches were destroyed;
since then the entire population of Rome concentrated in the Campus Martius and
left the hills. Guiscard’s call did not, however, have the expected results:
Henry was crowned emperor by the anti-pope Clement III, while Gregory VII had
to flee from Rome, despised, at this point, by the Roman people, and died in
Salerno
Clement III Parma 1080/1100
Ghiberto
da Correggio deposed in 1100 - died in Ravenna
159. Bl. Victor III Benevento 1086/87 (1)
Desiderio Epifani
He lived in
the Tower of the Caetanis for two
months with Matilda of Canossa
160. Bl. Urban II Chatillon (Champagne, France) 1088/99 (11)
Odon of the Lords of Chatillon
Proclaimed
the First Crusade in 1095. Jerusalem
was conquered in 1099. He lived in the Tower
of the Caetanis for a year. He moved to S. Maria in Monticelli the
relics of five martyrs from Palermo
161. Paschal II Blera (Tuscia) 1099 1118 (19)
Raniero Ranieri
of Blera
Basilica of
S. Clement. He rebuilt Ss. Quattro Coronati
and S. Lorenzo in Lucina. He
restored S. Bartolomeo all’Isola, S. Maria in Monticelli, S. Stefano del Cacco. He built the original chapel of S. Maria del Popolo. He buried
Leo II, III and IV in the Chapel
of Our Lady of the Pillar in St. Peter’s Basilica
Teodoric 1100/02 - Albert 1102
- Sylvester
IV Roma 1105/11 Maginulfo
162. Gelasius II Gaeta 1118/19 (1)
Giovanni
Crescenzi Caetani
He died in Cluny in 1119. He restored S. Maria in Cosmedin
Gregory VIII Limousin (France) 1118/21 Maurice Bourdin d. 1125
163. Callixtus II Burgundy 1119/24 (6)
Gui of William Count of Burgundy
St. Paschal Baylon. He restored S.
Maria in Cosmedin with his camerarius
Alfano. Enlarged S. Agnese in Agone. He opened
the First Lateran Council in 1123
Celestine II Rome 1124 Theobald Buccapecus
164. Honorius II Casal Fiumanese (Imola) 1124/30 (5) 164
Lamberto
Scannabecchi
165. Innocent II
Rome 1130/43 (14)
Gregorio Papareschi
He rebuilt S. Maria in Trastevere (where
he is buried) with materials from the Baths of Caracalla. S. Tommaso in Parione. Portico
of S. Stefano Rotondo. Second Lateran Council in 1139 to stop
the schism of 1130/38 after the death of Honorius II. Revolution in 1143 against the papal power: the republic was
proclaimed and a senate was elected for the first time since the seventh
century
Anacleto II 1130/38 Pietro Pierleoni
Victor IV 1138 Gregory of the Counts of Tusculum
166. Celestine II Città di Castello 1143/44 (164 days)
Guido di
Città di Castello
167. Lucio II Bologna 1144/45 (1)
Gerardo Caccianemici Dell’Orso
He
transformed the Basilica S. Croce in Gerusalemme
and added the bell tower. He recognized the Roman Republic
168. Bl. Eugene III Montemagno
(Pisa) 1145/53 (8)
Berardo
Paganelli Montemagno
Second
Crusade 1147/49. He named the town of Rocca di Papa. In 1145 he recognized
the Republic of Rome
169. Anastasius IV Rome 1153/54 (1)
Corrado della Suburra
He used the
Pantheon as a papal seat
170. Adrian IV Abbots Langley Hertfordshire (UK) 1154/59 (5)
Nicholas Breakspeare
Only
English pope ever. Buried in the grottoes
of St. Peter's Basilica. He crowned Frederick Barbarossa June 18,
1155 in St. Peter's Basilica. On the same days the heretical religious reformer
Arnold of Brescia, was executed and
burned, and his ashes thrown into the Tiber River. He purportedly granted
Ireland to Henry II, King of England
171. Alexander III Siena 1159/81 (22)
Rolando
Bandinelli
He died in Civita Castellana in 1181 He
restored S. Bartolomeo all'Isola e S. Maria
Nova. Buried in St. John Lateran Basilica. He
inspired the name to Alexander VII Chigi (1655/67) being from Siena as well. In 1167 Frederick Barbarossa takes hold of
Rome and suppresses the communal power. In 1178 Alexander III would return
triumphantly to Rome. Third Lateran
Council opened in 1179
Victor IV (V) Tivoli 1159/64 Ottaviano of the Counts of Monticelli
Paschal III 1164/68 Guido da Crema
Callistus III Hungary 1168/78 John Abbot of Strumio
Innocent III Sezze 1179/80 Lando Frangipane. deposed
172. Lucius III Lucca 1181/85 (4)
Ubaldo
Allucingoli
173. Urban III Cuggiono (Milan) 1185/87 (2)
Uberto
Crivelli
174. Gregory VIII Benevento 1187 (57 days)
Alberto
De Morra
175. Clement III
Rome 1187/91 (3)
Paolo
Scolari
Third Crusade 1189/92
176. Celestine III Rome 1191/98 (7)
Giacinto Bobone Orsini
He rebuilt the
church of S. Eustachio in 1196. In 1188 he
aknowledged the autonomy of the Municipality of Rome
177. Innocent III Anagni 1198/1216 (18)
Lotario of the Counts of Segni
First pope
elected by a conclave. He met St. Francis of Assisi and accepted the Franciscan
order. He declared the Fourth Crusade of
1198 and the Fifth Crusade which
took place after his death in the years 1217/21. Buried in St. John Lateran. He
represented the height of papal authority in the Middle Ages. In the year 1200 St. Peter's estate formally
became the Papal States. He founded in 1204 the Hospital of S. Spirito in Sassia,
the oldest hospital in Rome. Torre
delle Milizie and Torre
dei Conti. Tower in the Vatican where later the Niccolina Chapel would be built.
In 1215 he summoned the Fourth Lateran
Council (12th ecumenical council), which issued 70 decrees for
reform. It was finally declared the superiority of the Church than any other
secular power, as the sole custodian of Grace and exclusive mediator between
God and mankind. He established the Inquisition
against heresy, but he also encouraged the mendicant orders
178. Honorius III Rome 1216/27 (11)
Cencio
Savelli
1191 S. Marina in Ardea. New Basilica
of St. Lawrence Outside the Walls built above the Pelagian
Basilica. He restored S. Maria in Campitelli
and Ss. Giovanni e Paolo as well
before he became pope. He rebuilt S.
Alessio and turned into a fortress the Savelli house where he had
lived on the Aventine Hill. Church known as Annunziatella.
Mosaic of the apse of the Basilica
of St. Paul Outside the Wall. In 1220 he crowned Emperor Frederick II
179. Gregory IX Anagni 1227/41 (14)
Ugolino of the Counts of Segni
He enlarged S. Maria del Popolo. Sixth Crusade of
Frederick II in 1228, the only peaceful one. He rebuilt S. Eusebio
180. Celestine IV Milan 1241 (16 days)
Goffredo Castiglione
181. Innocent IV Genoa 1243/54 (11)
Sinibaldo Fieschi of the Counts of Lavagna
1252/58
Brancaleone Andalò was the leader of a popular government. Seventh Crusade 1249/50
182. Alexander IV Jenne (Rome) 1254 1261 (6)
Rinaldo
dei Conti di Segni
The
construction of the new S. Maria in Aracoeli,
entrusted to the Franciscans, began. He had decorated as a cardinal the Oratory of S. Silvestro in Ss. Quattro Coronati
183. Urban IV Troyes (France) 1261/64 (3)
Jacques Pantaléon
184. Clement IV Saint Gilles sur Rhone (France) 1265/68 (3)
Gui Foulques Le Gros
His father,
the Carthusian Fercoldo is painted in the trompe l'oeil door in the Cloister of
Michelangelo at the Museo delle Terme.
He appointed Charles of Anjou in 1265 as
king of Sicily and Naples. He excommunicated Conrad of Swabia after the uncle Manfredi had been killed in
Benevento. He proclaimed the Eighth Crusade which took place in 1270
with Charles of Anjou
185. Bl. Gregory X Piacenza 1271/76 (5)
Teobaldo Visconti
Elected after 1006 days of vacancy (29 November
1268 – 1 September 1271), the longest period ever. Second Council of Lyons
186. Bl. Innocent V Tarentaise (Savoie) 1276 (153 days)
Pierre de Tarentaise
187. Adrian V Genoa 1276 (38 days)
Ottobono Fieschi of the Counts of Lavagna
188. John XXI Lisbon 1276/77 (1)
Pedro Julião (Peter of Spain)
He should
have been John XX but he wanted to correct what in his time was believed to be
an error in the counting of his predecessors John XV to XIX. So there was no
pope with the name John XX ever
189. Nicholas III Rome 1277/80 (3)
Giovanni
Gaetano Orsini
First pope
to reside in the Vatican area. He enlarged the building there. He had S. Maria sopra Minerva reconstructed.
Oratory of S. Lorenzo in Palatio or Palatine Chapel at the Lateran, later known
as Sancta Sanctorum (Holy of
Holies). He dismantled the Angevin power in Rome and started a theological and
artistic program of renewal (Renovatio
Romae) proposing to celebrate the religious and political supremacy of
Rome. Dante puts him in Hell as he considered him a nepotistic Pope
190. Martin IV Montpincé in Brie (France) 1281/85 (4)
Simon de Brion
191. Honorius IV Rome 1285/87 (2)
Iacopo Savelli
He had S. Maria in Aracoeli rebuilt maybe
by Arnolfo di Cambio. Tombs of his parents with his statue in the right
transept of S. Maria in Aracoeli
192. Nicholas IV
Lisciano (Ascoli Piceno) 1288/92 (4)
Gerolamo Masci
Transept
and apse of S. Maria Maggiore, where his
tomb made in 1574 by Domenico Fontana is, with statues by Leonardo Sormani. Apse mosaic of
St. John Lateran Basilica. S. Margherita. Responsible for
the imposing pictorial program of St.
Francis Basilica in Assisi. First
Franciscan pope and first missionary pope for having sent Franciscan friars
to China
193. St. Celestine V Sant’Angelo
Limosano (Isernia) 1294 (161 days)
Pietro Angeleri da Morrone
He was
elected after two years of vacancy. He retired voluntarily from the papal
throne. He was described by Dante: "He who through cowardice made the
great refusal." He died in 1296
194. Boniface VIII Anagni 1294/1303 (9)
Benedetto Caetani
First Jubilee Year in 1300. He established the University La
Sapienza in 1303. He razed to the ground the Palazzo Colonna of Palestrina in
1298. He fortified the Torre delle Milizie
against the Colonna family. In 1303 famous "slap of Anagni" by
Sciarra Colonna for the many excommunications made to his family. Buried in the
Vatican grottoes in St. Peter's
Basilica
195. Bl. Benedict XI Treviso
1303/04 (1)
Niccolò Boccasini
196. Clement V Villandraut, Bordeaux (France) 1305/14 (9)
Bertrand de Goth
Elected by
a conclave held in Perugia which lasted eleven months (apparently for the
continued interference of Philip IV the Fair). Instead of going back to Rome,
which was then torn by factional struggles, he made his home in 1305 in Poitiers first and, since 1309, in Avignon.
He arrested all the Templars in France and suppressed their order
197. John XXII Cahors, Quercy (France) 1316/34 (18)
Jacques Arnaud d'Euse
Nicholas V Rieti 1328/30 resigned in 1330 on
the same year he died
198. Benedict XII Saverdun, Toulouse (France) 1334/42 (7)
Jacques Fournier
199. Clement VI Chateau Maumont (Limoges) 1342/52 (11)
Pierre Roger de Rosieres
He
celebrated the second Jubilee Year in 1350, reducing the time interval from 100
to 50 years. In Rome in 1347 Cola di
Rienzo seized power, he would be killed in 1354. In 1348 black plague
throughout Europe. 1349 earthquake destroyed part of the Colosseum and the Torre dei Conti
200. Innocent VI Mont (Beyssac) 1352/62 (10)
Étienne d'Aubert
In 1358 the
people government of the Felice Società dei Balestrieri e Pavesati (Happy Company of Archers and Banner
Holders) in Rome that will last 40 years, up to 1398
201. Bl. Urban V Chateau de Grisac (Languedoc) 1362/70 (8)
Guillaume de Grimoard
He returned
to Rome in 1367 with only three French cardinals and remained there for three
years until 1370 when he returned to Avignon, where he died soon after
202. Gregory XI Chateau Maumont (Limoges) 1370/78 (7)
Pierre Roger de Beaufort
He returned to Rome persuaded by St. Catherine
of Siena on 17 January 1377. Tomb by Pietro Paolo Olivieri in S. Francesca Romana
203. Urban VI Napoli 1378/89 (11)
Bartolomeo Prignano
He began in 1378 the Western Schism that lasted
until 1417. He
called the third Jubilee in 1390 by reducing the time interval from 50 to 33
years. He excommunicated Cardinal Giacomo Orsini and had him executed. The
cardinal’s mother dedicated the Shrine
of St. James in Vicovaro
204. Boniface IX Napoli 1389/1404
(15)
Pietro
Tomacelli
Two Jubilees. The first in 1390, had been declared by his
predecessor and droves of pilgrims came from Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia,
and England. The jubilee of 1400
drew even larger crowds of pilgrims to Rome, especially from France. In spite
of a disastrous plague, Boniface remained in the city
205. Innocent VII Sulmona 1404/06 (2)
Cosimo
de' Migliorati
206. Gregory XII Venezia 1406/15 (9)
Angelo Correr
Deposed at
the Council of Pisa in 1409. He resigned in 1415. He died in 1417. In 1413 King Ladislas of Naples took hold
of Rome and plundered it
POPES IN AVIGNON - WESTERN SCHISM
1378
Clement VII Geneva 1378/94 Roberto of the Counts of Savoy
Benedict XIII Ilescas (Aragon) 1394/1422 Pedro de Luna, re-elected in 1417
Clement VIII Barcelona 1423/29 Gil S. Muñoz, resigned in 1429 and died
in 1446
Benedict XIV 1425/30 Bernard Garnier
POPES IN PISA
Alelexander V Pietro Candia 1409/10 Filargis
John XXIII
Ischia 1410/15 Baldassarre
Cossa deposed in 1415 died in 1419
207. Martin V Genazzano (Rome)
1417/31 (13)
Oddone
Colonna
He returned
triumphantly to Rome in 1420. He wanted to live in the Vatican area
208. Eugene IV Venezia 1431/47 (16)
Gabriele Condulmer
He moved
the university to the Palazzo della Sapienza.
Buried in the refectory of S.
Salvatore in Lauro with tomb of Isaiah from Pisa. He was forced by
the Colonna faction to leave Rome and go to Florence for nine years
Felix V 1439/49 Amedeo Duke of Savoy, elected in Basel, renounced in Lausanne
209. Nicholas V Sarzana 1447/55 (8)
Tommaso Parentucelli
He began
the new St. Peter’s Basilica Bernardo
Rossellino in 1452 then interrupted. Chapel
of Nicholas V in the Raphael rooms with frescoes by Fra' Giovanni
da Fiesole known as Fra Angelico. He had the Aqua
Virgo aqueduct restored in 1453 by Leon Battista Alberti and
Bernardo Rossellino. Jubilee Year in
1450. He established that the Jubilee would have taken place thereafter
every 25 years
210. Callistus III Jativa (Valencia) 1455/58 (3)
Alfonso Borgia
Buried in S. Maria in Monserrato with his
nephew Alexander VI
211. Pius II Corsignano (Siena) 1458/64 (6)
Enea Silvio Piccolomini
He had the
village where he was born, Corsignano, replanned by Bernardo Rossellino pupil
of Leon Battista Alberti, the first "modern" urban planning. Corsignano
changed name to Pienza after him
212. Paul II Venice 1464/71 (7)
Pietro
Barbo
Palazzo
Venezia. St.
Mark's Basilica
213. Sixtus IV Celle Ligure (Savona) 1471/84 (13)
Francesco
Della Rovere
Sistine
Chapel. Sixtus
Bridge. S. Maria del Popolo.
S. Maria della Pace. Reconstruction of Ss. Vito and Modesto.
Restoration of St. Peter in Chains. Funerary
Monument by Antonio Benci aka Antonio Pollaiuolo in the Museum of the Basilica St. Peter
214. Innocent VIII Genova 1484/92 (8)
Giovan
Battista Cybo
First pope
to tighten relations with the Ottoman Empire. He persecuted witchcraft. He had
many children, at least eight and maybe, according to some sources, even sixteen.
In 1487 he appointed Tomas de Torquemada to be Grand Inquisitor of Spain and he
was a great supporter of the Spanish Inquisition. He rebuilt S. Maria in Via Lata. He lived
in his "Belvedere Palace" at
the Vatican. Tomb in the St. Peter’s Basilica
executed by Antonio Benci aka Antonio del Pollaiolo. On the tomb it is written During his reign the discovery of a New
World, but the departure of Christopher Columbus from Palos de la Frontera
(Spain) took place on August 3, 1492, a few days after his death
215. Alexander VI Jativa (Valencia) 1492/1503 (11)
Roderic Llançol i de Borja
Elected in
the Sistine Chapel. He had seven children including Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia.
Alexandrina Street opened in Borgo Pio. He had the Palazzo della Sapienza restored
by Andrea da Firenze. He had an apartment
in the Vatican painted by Bernardino di Betto aka Pinturicchio. He divided the
extra-European world between Spain and Portugal with his bull Inter Caetera. Buried in S. Maria in Monserrato with his
uncle Callistus III
216. Pius III Siena 1503 (26 days)
Francesco
Todeschini Piccolomini
Pius II
adopted nephew. Buried in S.
Andrea della Valle
217. Julius II Albissola (Savona) 1503/13 (9)
Giuliano
Della Rovere
He had the
new St. Peter's Basilica began with
Donato Bramante in 1506. He had Michelangelo painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the years
1508/12 and his apartment was painted by
Raphael. He opened Via Giulia. He
restored St. Peter in Chains
218. Leone X Florence 1513/21 (9)
Giovanni
de' Medici
Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. He opened via Leonina later called Via
Ripetta. He excommunicated Luther in
1521. Buried in S.
Maria sopra Minerva
219. Adrian VI Utrecht 1522/23 (2)
Adriaan
Floriszoon
Last
foreign pope before John Paul II. Buried in S. Maria
dell’Anima
220. Clement VII Florence 1523/34 (11)
Giulio de' Medici
Son of
Giuliano de' Medici, brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent and therefore cousin of
Leo X. He caused the sack of Rome in
1527. He completed the "Trident" in 1525 with the Via Clementina,
current Via del Babuino. Statues of Sts. Peter and Paul in
Ponte Sant'Angelo. Buried in S. Maria sopra Minerva
221. Paul III Canino (Viterbo) 1534/49 (15)
Alessandro
Farnese
Brother of
Giulia Bella, the lover of Alexander VI Borgia who made him a cardinal. Michelangelo's
Last Judgement. Palazzo Farnese (still as a
cardinal). He planned the piazzas Farnese, S. Marco and Ss. Apostoli.
Reconstruction of S. Spirito in Sassia. In 1536 he
founded the Portuguese Inquisition. In 1538 he excommunicated the English King
Henry VIII. Anglican schism. In 1540
he recognized the Society of Jesus of St. Ignatius of Loyola. In 1542 he
instituted the Roman Inquisition and the Congregation of the Holy Office. 1545 beginning of the Council of Trent,
which lasted, with interruptions, until 1563
222. Julius III Rome 1550/55 (5)
Giovan
Maria Ciocchi del Monte
Villa
Giulia. S.
Andrea
223. Marcello II
Montefano (Macerata) 1555 (22 days)
Marcello Cervini degli Spannocchi
He was the last pope who kept his baptismal
name. It forbade his family to move to Rome and had reduced the expenses of the
court but he died too soon to implement the radicals reforms he seemed to want
to promote. Buried in the Vatican
grottoes
224. Paul IV Capriglia (Avellino) 1555/59 (4)
Gian
Pietro Carafa
He instituted
the ghetto for Jews in 1555. He
persecuted Cardinal Reginald Pole. He was particularly fond of the Inquisition.
He issued the Index of Forbidden Books. He prohibited the use of potatos
introduced from the New World by Sir Francis Drake because he considered it an "evil
plant". At his death the Romans beheaded his statue as an insulting taunt .
Buried in S.
Maria sopra Minerva
225. Pius IV Milan 1559/65 (6)
Giovanni
Angelo Medici
Porta Pia. He began the ceiling of St. John Lateran Basilica. Leveled
Piazza S. John Lateran.He expanded the neighborhood known as Borgo renamed
Borgo Pio after him. He opened Via XX Settembre. He began the little house at
the Vatican later known as Casina
of Pius V. He assigned S.
Stefano del Cacco to the Silvestrini Monks. He
had the Palazzo della Sapienza restored
by Guidetto Guidetti and Pirro Ligorio. He consecrated the Basilica of S. Maria degli Angeli
where he is buried (in the apse). 1563
end of the Council of Trent
226. St. Pius V Bosco Marengo (Alessandria) 1566/72 (6)
Antonio Ghislieri
Dominican. Victory of Lepanto October 7, 1571: he received
the winner Marco Antonio Colonna in triumph and kissed his feet! He finished the
ceiling of the Basilica of St. John Lateran. Ss. Domenico e Sisto with a
convent for the Dominican Sisters. Chapel
of St. Pius V in the Vatican Museums. Buried in the Sistine Chapel in S. Maria
Maggiore
227. Gregory XIII Bologna 1572/85 (13)
Ugo Boncompagni
Elected
after a conclave lasted only one day. He
reformed the calendar in 1582, known as Gregorian after his name. He strengthened
diplomatic ties with Asian nations.He opened via Merulana between St. Mary
Major and St. John. Church of Our Lady of
the Monti Neighborhood. St.
Athanasius of the Greeks. Gallery
of Maps in the Vatican Museums. Monument executed by Camillo
Rusconi in the 3rd passage to the right of St. Peter's Basilica
228. Sixtus V Grottammare (Ascoli Piceno) 1585/90 (5)
Felice Peretti
He opened
with his architect Domenico Fontana four streets radiating from S. Maria
Maggiore. Villa Peretti Montalto. Lateran
Palace. Felice Aqueduct.
Vatican Library. He had roads paved
(121 in only six months in 1587!). He drained the Pontine
Marshes
229. Urban VII Rome 1590 (12 days)
Giovan
Battista Castagna
Buried in S.
Maria sopra Minerva. The second shortest pontificate in history after Stephen in 752 who reigned
for three days only
230. Gregory XIV Cremona 1590/91 (1)
Niccolò Sfondrati
He was Pope
for 315 days
231. Innocent IX
Bologna 1591 (62 days)
Giovanni
Antonio Facchinetti
Buried in the Vatican Crypt
232. Clement VIII Fano (Pesaro e Urbino) 1592/1605 (13)
Ippolito Aldobrandini
S. Maria Scala Coeli at the Abbey of the Three Fountains. Transept
of St. John Lateran Basilica. Rooms in Castel Sant'Angelo. Anastasio
Fontebuoni apse fresco of S.
Balbina. Palazzo Aldobrandini later Palazzo Patrizi. Villa Aldobrandini in Frascati.
Clementine Room at the Vatican.
Parents buried in the Aldobrandini Chapel
in S. Maria sopra Minerva. Buried in the Pauline
Chapel in Santa Maria Maggiore
233. Leo XI Florence 1605 (26 days)
Alessandro d’Ottaviano de' Medici
The mother
was the granddaughter of Leo X. As titular cardinal of St. Praxedes he reconciled with
France whose king, Henry IV, was married to Maria de' Medici. Buried in St.
Peter’s Basilica in a tomb designed by Alessandro Algardi
234. Paul V Rome 1605/21 (16)
Camillo Borghese
He had Carlo
Maderno finishing the façade of St. Peter’s
Basilica in 1614 (inaugurated in 1612. Pauline Chapel in
S. Maria Maggiore. Uncle of Cardinal Scipione Borghese
235. Gregory XV Bologna 1621/23 (2)
Alessandro
Ludovisi
He canonized
in 1622 S. Filippo Neri, known as St. Philip Neri in English. He instituted in
1622 the Congregation of Propaganda Fide. His bust by Alessandro Algardi is in
the sacristy of the Chiesa Nuova.
His funerary monument designed by Pierre Legros is in St. Ignatius
236. Urban VIII Florence 1623/44 (21)
Maffeo Barberini
He consecrated
the new St. Peter's Basilica on 18
November 1626. Gianicolensi Walls. Pantheon: he took the bronze
coating of the porch beams to make 80 guns for Castel S. Angelo and the columns
of St. Peter's canopy. He had the corner column to the left replaced and
commissioned Gian Lorenzo Bernini to build in 1626/27 two bell towers (the
"donkey’s ears"). S.
Salvatore in Campo
237. Innocent X Rome 1644/55 (10)
Giovan
Battista Pamphilj
Villa
Pamphilj. Palazzo Montecitorio. Palazzo
Pamphilj, St. Agnes in Agone
and Piazza Navona with the Fountain
of the Four Rivers
238. Alexander VII Siena 1655/67 (12)
Fabio Chigi
Colonnade
of St. Peter. Chair of St. Peter. Buried in St. Peter with Bernini's tomb
239. Clement IX Pistoia 1667/69 (2)
Giulio
Rospigliosi
Pine
forest of Fregene. 10 angels on Sant'Angelo
Bridge. He had Carlo Rainaldi begin the rear façade of S. Maria Maggiore. Monument in
S. Maria Maggiore by Carlo Rainaldi: "Pope's statue" by Domenico
Guidi, on the right "Faith" by Cosimo Fancelli, on the left
"Charity" by Ercole Ferrata
240. Clement X Rome 1670/76 (6)
Giovan
Battista Emilio Altieri
Altieri Chapel in Santa Maria sopra Minerva with busts of his
father and brother by Cosimo Fancelli. Palazzo Altieri. Village now in ruins of Monterano
241. Bl. Innocent XI Como 1676/89 (13)
Benedetto Odescalchi
He desired
and financially supported the liberation of Vienna from the Turks in 1683 by
the Polish King John Sobieski. Coat of arms in front of the Odescalchi Chapel in the
Basilica of Sts. Apostles. Fountain
in Piazza della Madonna dei Monti. Naves and the façade of S. Francesco a Ripa by Mattia
De Rossi. His body is in
the Clementina Chapel in St. Peter’s
Basilica. Funerary monument in the 3rd
area in between chapels of the left nave in the Basilica of St. Peter 1697/1701
by Carlo Maratta executed by Pierre-Etienne Monnot
242. Alexander VIII Venice 1689/91 (2)
Pietro Ottoboni
Alexandrina Hall in the Vatican Museums. He restructured the Torre dei Conti. Funerary monument in the passage
area from the apse to the Chapel of the Column in St. Peter's Basilica
243. Innocent XII Spinazzola (Bari) 1691/1700 (9)
Antonio Pignatelli
He transformed
Palazzo Montecitorio as a court
and the Temple of Hadrian as Stock Exchange. Tomb
in the Basilica of St. Peter by Ferdinando Fuga. Façade of the Cathedral of St. Peter in
Frascati. He rebuilt the port of Anzio
in 1698
244. Clement XI Urbino 1700/21 (20)
Giovanni
Francesco Albani
Transformation
into an eighteenth-century style of the Basilica
of Sts. Apostles and St.
Clement Basilica respectively by Francesco Fontana with his
father Carlo Fontana and Carlo Stefano Fontana another son of Carlo Fontana.
Reconstruction of St. Bridget, Church of the Holy Stigmata of St. Francis
and St. Stephen of the Abyssinians.
Albani Chapel in the Basilica
of St. Sebastian. Fountain of the Mermen in
Piazza Bocca della Verita. Façade of the Basilica
of S. Maria in Trastevere modified by Carlo Fontana. He is buried
under the floor of the Chapel of the Choir
in St. Peter's Basilica
245. Innocent XIII Poli
(Palestrina) 1721/24 (3)
Michelangelo
Conti
He restored
the Paolina Room in Castel
Sant'Angelo. Spanish Steps. St. Eustace was completed with
apse and transept. He had Alessandro Specchi building the stables of the
Quirinal Palace. Buried in the Vatican
Crypt
246. Benedict XIII Gravina (Bari) 1724/30 (6)
Vincenzo Maria Orsini
Monument by Carlo Marchionni with statues by Pietro
Bracci and Bartolomeo Pincellotti in St. Dominic Chapel of S Maria sopra
Minerva. Bust by Pietro Bracci in the Baptistery
of S. Maria Maggiore. He rebuilt St.
Nicholas of the Prefects. Oratory
of the Holy Sacrament. Hospital and church of S. Maria in Gallicano
247. Clement XII Florence 1730/40 (10)
Lorenzo Corsini
He opened
the museum in the Palazzo Nuovo on the Capitoline
Hill in 1734. He began the Trevi
Fountain. He had the stables of the Quirinal Palace finished by
Ferdinando Fuga. He had Alessandro Galilei design the façades of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini and St. John in Lateran. He is
buried in the latter church, in the Corsini Chapel. Sts. Celso and Giuliano. Church of the Infant Jesus. His
nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini opened the Galleria
Corsini. His busts by Pietro Bracci are in the Borghese Museum
and in the Galleria Corsini
248. Benedict XIV Bologna 1740/58 (18)
Prospero Lambertini
Reconstruction
of Sts. Marcellinus and Peter. Final
restoration of the Basilica Santa Croce in
Gerusalemme. Pinacoteca
Capitolina (Capitoline Painting Gallery). Restoration of the
porch of the Pantheon. He stopped in 1749
the destruction of the Colosseum. Fountain
in Civitavecchia. He is buried in the passage to the right transept of St.
Peter's Basilica with monument
by Pietro Bracci
249. Clement XIII Venezia 1758/69 (11)
Carlo Rezzonico
Trevi Fountain completed with sculptures. Small Profane Museum in the
Vatican Museums. Buried in the Chapel
of St. Michael of St. Peter's Basilica with monument by Antonio
Canova. Building in Civitavecchia where there is the Archaeological Museum
250. Clement XIV S. Arcangelo di Romagna 1769/74 (5)
Giovanni
Vincenzo Ganganelli
Pio-Clementino
Museum at the Vatican. In 1773 he suppressed
the Jesuit order
under the pressure of European monarchies: maybe it's a coincidence, but no
pope chose Clement as a name anymore. Buried in the Basilica of St. Peter and
translated in 1802 in the Basilica SS. Apostoli with monument 1783/87 by Antonio
Canova (his first Roman work)
251. Pius VI Cesena 1775/99 (24)
Giovan
Angelo Braschi
He
completed the Pio-Clementino Museum in the
Vatican. He restored the ceiling of the Basilica
of St. John Lateran. In 1793 he reestablished the Jesuits in
Russia. He died in exile in France.
Buried in an early Christian sarcophagus
with Canova plaque in the Vatican Crypt of St. Peter's Basilica
252. Pius VII Cesena 1800/23 (23)
Giorgio Chiaramonti
Elected in
the monastery of S. Giorgio Maggiore in Venice, and crowned in the church
next-door. A few months later he went to Rome. In 1804 Napoleon crowned himself emperor in Paris in front of him.
Arrested in the Quirinal Palace in 1809 and
brought to France. He returned to Rome in
1814 when he re-established the order of the Jesuits worldwide. Chiaramonti Museum in the
Vatican. He erected the Pincian Obelisk.
He restored the Arch of Titus and the Milvian Bridge for his return
to Rome. Buried in St. Peter’s Basilica with monument
designed by Bertel Thorvaldsen
253. Leo XII Genga (Ancona) 1823/29 (5)
Annibale
Sermattei dei Conti della Genga
Elected
with the first conclave in the Quirinal Palace. Statue by Giuseppe De Fabris in
the first passage on the right and tomb in the Chapel
of the Column in St. Peter's Basilica
254. Pius VIII Cingoli (Macerata) 1829/30 (2)
Francesco
Saverio Castiglioni
Tomb designed by Pietro Tenerani in the passage to the Clementine Chapel in
St. Peter's Basilica. He abolished nepotism, including the abandonment of the
practice of espionage carried out by his predecessors, and issued an encyclical
condemning Bible societies and secret associations. When he died at age 69,
there were rumors that he was poisoned
255. Gregory XVI
Belluno 1831/46 (15)
Bartolomeo
Alberto Cappellari
He opened
sections of the Vatican Museums: Gregorian
Egyptian, Etruscan
and Profane. Gregorian Hall in St. Paul's
Basilica with statue by Rinaldo Rinaldi. Ripetta
Walk. Villa Gregoriana
in Tivoli. In 1832 with the encyclical Mirari
Vos confirms his strong hostility to the separation of Church and State and
freedom of conscience, thought, print. In 1839 with the encyclical In Supremo Apostolatus he condemned
slavery as a “crime”
256. Pius IX Senigallia 1846/78
(32)
Giovanni
Maria Mastai-Ferretti
Longest
pontificate in history not including St. Peter. Pius
Christian Museum in the Vatican Museums. Buried in St. Lawrence Outside the Walls.
In 1870 with the Breach of Porta Pia
Rome became part of Italy and the capital. During the fighting on September
20, 1870 49 Italians soldiers and 19 papal soldiers got killed
257. Leo XIII Carpineto Romano (Rome) 1878/1903 (25)
Gioacchino Pecci
Apse of St. John Lateran where he is
buried. Encyclical Rerum Novarum
258. St. Pius X Riese (Treviso) 1903/14 (11)
Giuseppe Sarto
Last pope
to be declared saint before the canonizations of John XXIII and John Paul II in
2014. Statue by Pier Enrico Astori and body exposed in the Chapel of the Presentation in
St. Peter’s Basilica. Holy Cross Basilica
in Via Flaminia. Church of St.
Joseph at Trionfale
259. Benedict XV
Genoa 1914/22 (7)
Giacomo
Della Chiesa
1915/18 World War One
260. Pius XI Desio (Milan) 1922/39 (17)
Achille Ratti
He signed
the Concordat between the Italian State and Church of 1929 even if he was
contrary to Fascism. He fought against Nazism also writing an encyclical in
German "With deep concern" condemning the Nazi ideology. When Hitler
visited Rome, he went away to Castel Gandolfo, closed the Vatican Museums and
turned off all the lights the Vatican. Buried in the Vatican Crypt. Pontifical Irish College. Palace of the Pontifical Gregorian University.
Church of the Great Mother of God
261. Pius XII Roma 1939/58 (19)
Eugenio
Pacelli
1939/45
World War Two
262. St. John XXIII Brusicco Sotto il Monte (Bergamo)
1958/63 (5)
Angelo
Giuseppe Roncalli
The good
pope. Second Vatican Council 1962/65.
Canonized in 2014
263. Paul VI Concesio (Brescia) 1963/78 (15)
Giovan Battista Montini
He
completed the Second Vatican Council. First pope to travel by air and to visit
all five continents
264. John Paul I
Forno di Canale d'Agordo (Belluno) 1978 (33 days)
Albino Luciani
An autopsy
on his body was not authorized and the causes of his sudden death still remain
mysterious
265. St. John Paul II Wadowice Krakow (Poland) 1978/2005 (26)
Karol Wojtyla
Second
longest pontificate in history after Pius IX, or third considering St. Peter's
pontificate of which nobody knows the exact length. He was shot in St. Peter's
Square on May 13 1981. First non-Italian
pope in 455 years and first Polish pope, Slavic in general. He made more
than 100 trips around the world. First pope to enter a synagogue from the time
of St. Peter and the first ever to pray in a Lutheran church. He beatified 1338
and canonized 482 people, while his predecessors over the previous four
centuries had declared some 300 saints only. In 1989 the Berlin Wall fell. He was canonized in 2014
266. Benedict XVI Marktl am Inn (Germany) 2005/13 (8)
Joseph Ratzinger
Seventh
German pope. First pope to retire since Gregory XII times (1406/09). Now he has
the title of emeritus pope
267. Francesco Buenos Aires (Argentina) 2013/current
pope
Jorge Mario Bergoglio
First
pope from the Americas. First Jesuit pope
